Employee Health Screening

Who needs Employee Health and Wellness Programs? If you work in an office or a worksite or are a member of an organization who spends a considerable amount of time at work, you will benefit from a well-designed worker Employee Health and Wellness Program. Employees spend a minimum of about 200 hours a month at work – a considerable amount of time.

Furthermore, stress, distractions and the pressures of the job can take its toll on the staff member, which makes it important that a Employee Health and Wellness Program is implemented. Today, all across America, Canada, Europe and Asia, top Employee Health and Wellness Programs are being used to help improve staff member conditions at work and reduce the cost of worker health care.

Some of the top Employee Health and Wellness Programs currently in use today include:

Health Risk Assessments (HRAs)

Health Risk Assessment is a top Employee Health and Wellness Program currently in use globally. Organizations that implement it determine the safety and health concerns of workers by the assessment of appropriateness of the facilities and equipment against the needs of the workers.

It can, for example, guide the organization into determining how much air quality within an office room affects the users and then help the assessment team to come up with the measures necessary to correct the problem. An HRA can also evaluate the level of exposure workers have to certain hazardous or dangerous materials and practices.

Immunizations

This isn’t always practiced in every country since there are regions where government sponsored immunization shots are available. However, it has also become an important component of the top Employee Health and Wellness Programs in many companies in North America.

Immunization, flu shots, such as those used to combat flu, for example, are offered to workers for free.

Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs)

Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) consist of a wide variety of services. It can range from providing educational resources to workers regarding health issues to sponsoring health services and medical care. In many companies, medical and insurance have also become a staple part of their benefits system.

Weight Management Programs

This is another Employee Health and Wellness Program that companies use, particularly those that offer in-house commissary or cafeteria services. Instead of serving richer, high-calorie fare, cafeterias offer options for a healthier diet, usually in the form of low-calorie foods and sugar substitutes.

Employee Wellness Newsletters – Health Education Programs

One of the top Employee Health and Wellness Programs that companies can implement is a self-powered tool using a newsletter to promote wellness, coupled with a visible campaign. The campaign may be done periodically and focus on a specific topic, such as tobacco use hazards, cancer, stress, carpal tunnel syndrome, safety in the workplace, etc.

The newsletter in itself can be an effective method to deliver information to workers or members of an organization but it is far from perfect. Some workers, for example, may not read the newsletter in its entirety or even pay attention to it. If the issues outlined in the newsletter are promoted through an active and highly visible campaign, it will be easier to maximize positive results.

Physical Fitness and Exercise Programs

Another top health promotion program for companies is one that involves physical activities. Companies frequently sponsor physical fitness-related events such as marathons and organization sports initiatives to promote workers to remain fit or lose excess weight. In mid- to large-sized companies, companies may even pay for gym memberships or in-house physical fitness facilities.

Employee Health and Wellness Program Incentives

Some of the top Employee Health and Wellness Programs implemented by companies involve incentive rewards. This involves organization-sponsored initiatives that reward workers for achieving specific wellness goals. Participation in health campaigns and signing up for Employee Health and Wellness Programs are two of the most commonly rewarded schemes. Rewards can range from special recognitions to points (for bigger rewards) to specific gifts. In a few cases, cash may also be used.

However, incentive systems have had mixed reactions and levels of success. But it continues to be one of the top choices among companies who are willing to modify it in order to fit their unique needs.

Group Activities

In many companies, companies take advantage of peer pressure in order to encourage workers to participate in Employee Health and Wellness Programs. This is currently one of the favorite worker Employee Health and Wellness Programs currently in use today and growing in popularity. Peer pressure is frequently leveraged to help promote competitions and to persuade workers to be active in organization-sponsored health fairs.

Employee Health and Wellness Programs at the corporate level are beneficial, right? Wellness statistics clearly show that such Employee Health and Wellness Programs are not only cost-effective to the organization but can assist the staff member in developing a healthier lifestyle. With the rising cost of health care, Employee Health and Wellness Programs simply make sense. So where does the problem come in? Let’s examine the topic from both perspectives.

Employee Health and Wellness Programs: The Good

• A sampling of return on investment for Employee Health and Wellness Programs: Bank of America: 600%; General Motors:370%; Pepsico: 300%; Citibank: 465%; and the Washoe County School District leading the pack at a whopping 1,560%. (Campbell,J., Wellness Improvement Experts, www.wellnessimprovementexperts.com, Albuquerque, New Mexico.)
• Companies with Employee Health and Wellness Programs have realized a 28 percent reduction in sick leave, a 26 percent reduction in adjunctive health care costs and a 30 percent reduction in disability and workers compensation costs. (Health Affairs, Volume 21, No.2, March, 2002.)
• The Washoe county School District in Northern Nevada realized a $15.60 return on investment for every dollar spent due to a 20 percent reduction in rates of absence. (Hardy,A. (2005). At the Top Of The Class. WELCOA’s Absolute Advantage Magazine, 5(1), 14-20.)
• Employee Health and Wellness Programs provide the structure, encouragement, incentives and ongoing support that many individuals need in order to make lifestyle changes.
• Employees also realize returns on their efforts. FiServ, a financial services technology organization, gave workers who filled out a health risk assessment a significant discount on their health insurance premium. (Holland, Kelley, The New York Times, July 22, 2007.)

Employee Health and Wellness Programs: The Bad

The flip side of the argument centers on basic human rights. Do we want/need our employer to tell us to eat our veggies or lose 30 pounds? Some companies are doing just that and at least one lawsuit has resulted because of it.
• Three hundred companies have requested assistance from a national employment and labor law firm to institute more aggressive Employee Health and Wellness Programs.(Cornwell, Lisa, Associated Press, Albuquerque Journal, September 10,2007.)
• Clarian Health, based in Indianapolis, Will begin decreasing staff member paychecks by $10.00 for every staff member who has a Body Mass Index (BMI) of greater than 29.9 because not enough workers were utilizing their wellness services.(Cornwell, Lisa, Associated Press, Albuquerque Journal, September 10,2007.)
• Scott Rodrigues filed a suit against his prospective employer, Scotts Miracle-Gro, because he believed the organization’s antitobacco use policy violated his civil rights. The organization has a policy against hiring workers who smoke and Mr. Rodrigues’drug screen was positive for nicotine.(Holland, Kelley, The New York Times,July 22,2007.)
• staff member advocates are concerned that health discrimination may not be covered under the Americans with Disabilities Act.(Cornwell, Lisa, Associated Press, Albuquerque Journal, September 10,2007.)

Penalizing workers by hitting them where it hurts the most,their pocketbook, does not appear to be a favorable approach to molding human behavior.
Such tactics may result in increased resentments and retaliation, primarily in the form of rates of absence and presenteeism (decreased productivity on the job.) Voluntary, incentive-based initiatives, such as the one in the Washoe County School District, can and do produce results. A positive attitude on the part of management along with an opportunity for workers to have a stake in the decision-making may yield the greatest dividends to both employer and staff member.The motivation and resolve needed to change unhealthy lifestyle habits can best be derived from the basic tenets of encouragement, respect and support.

Getting Started – Secure management support
• Justifications for having a Wellness Fair
• Health risk assessments
• Help for high-risk population: smokers, obese workers
• Early detection of diabetes, heart disease risk factors (high cholesterol, high blood pressure)

Wellness Fair Participation – Identify your audience
• Employees only, whole family, retirees?
• Community involvement? Theme?

Wellness Fair Time Line
• Set a date and time Allow 4-6 months of planning time

Wellness Fair Planning
• Identify health-related screenings, tests, other activities you’ll offer Identify educational literature and other learning opportunities Wellness Fair will provide Include any “fun” activities, or food/beverage needs for the fair

Wellness Fair Location & Logistics
• Consider location big enough to accommodate the largest volume of staff members at “peak time” periods
• Determine how booths/stations will be set up

Wellness Fair Vendors
• Target relevant health/safety-related community and corporate vendors to provide services, educational materials, incentives and giveaways

Wellness Fair Marketing
• Determine marketing tools to be used to inform workers/participants (posters, mailings, e-mail)
• Determine any incentives or giveaways that will be included in the fair or used to promote participation in the fair

Wellness Fair Scheduling
• Coordinate timing and events with staff and/or volunteers

Wellness Fair Personnel
• Schedule appropriate experts Physician or similar health care personnel to provide patient consultation for review of blood draw lab results
• Nurse(s) to administer vaccinations
• Administrative/all-purpose individual to facilitate paper work, finger sticks and to provide general assistance
• Pharmacist or pharmacist assistant if appropriate Dietitian for nutritional counseling suggested personnel designated for health fairs

Footnotes

1 The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation via Reuters Health E-Line.
2 Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report, (9/11/03)
3 www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/press/archive/lower_cost.htm
4 “Is Stress Nibbling Away at Your Bottom Line?” By Stephen Alper, Nov. 15, 2002.
5 Health Promotion in the Workplace, Michael P. O’Donnell, page 415.
6 http://www.bmpcoe.org/bestpractices/internal/dayto/dayto_6.html

According to Gordian Health Solutions, the effectiveness of Employee Health and Wellness Programs in improving health and decreasing health care costs is directly linked to incentives: the more substantial the incentives, the higher the success rate. Incentives can range from tokens of achievement, such as t-shirts, water bottles and sports equipment, to more substantial financial awards, such as cash incentives or copay vouchers for the successful completion of a program.

Nationwide Insurance is seeing results from a small incentive program initiated by one of the organization’s onsite nurses. To promote lunchtime walking, the staff member has informally launched a “shoelace program” modeled after the karate-belt color system. Employees progress through the color scale until they reach “black-lace” status. The reward system has resulted in more workers making commitments to walk during their lunch hour.

At the high end of the reward spectrum, some companies pay cash to workers who meet wellness goals. LuK, Inc. offers workers $250 for kicking the tobacco habit and remaining smoke free for 12 months. For logging fitness points that add up to 10 miles a month, workers are eligible for health assessments, which can result in reward amounts of up to $225.

The most effective motivator, according to Gordian research, comes through linking participation in Employee Health and Wellness Programs directly to insurance premiums. Doing so clearly demonstrates to workers the positive effects of wellness on their own health care costs. frequently, the first step in linking wellness programming to insurance coverage is lowering deductibles for wellness care or eliminating deductibles altogether. By adding this benefit, companies can promote workers to undertake routine screenings and other procedures to respond to health problems before they become chronic. Early detection benefits both patient health and employer health costs.

Incentivizing Employee Health and Wellness Program participation with health care credits

More frequently, employers are going beyond increased wellness care coverage and looking to demonstrate the importance of wellness by linking participation to workers’ bottom lines. Worthington Industries has recently rolled out a program that allows workers to eliminate their portion of the insurance premium by enrolling in a Healthy Choices Employee Health and Wellness Program.

During the first year of the Healthy Choices program, workers and their spouses complete Personal Health Assessments and medical screenings to determine their levels of health risks. Nurses, dietitians and physical fitness specialists are available to help moderate- and high-risk participants develop individual action plans for improved health through the use of educational materials, behavior modification, telephone help from third-party program health coordinators, and formal health management initiatives. By completing the assessments, workers earn their full premium credit. Because some plans at Worthington require no staff member contribution, a cash award takes the place of a credit in those cases.  During year two of the program, the wellness bar is raised slightly. To continue to receive the wellness credit, participants in the moderate- to high-risk category will be required to work at setting goals with third-party health coordinators.

Year three raises the bar again, requiring participants to show progress in meeting goals and to continue to work with health coordinators to reach goals.

After year three, Worthington Industries workers will be on the wellness track. The organization believes that will mean a healthier workforce and cost savings for workers and the organization. The well being of Worthington workers is the foundation of this program, and both workers and the company are expected to benefit from the long-term advantages of the Healthy Choices Employee Health and Wellness Program.

While Worthington has taken a broad approach to wellness, other companies have found success in offering incentives in specific areas. Longaberger, for example, offers a discount on health care policies for workers who do not use tobacco. An individual staff member who doesn’t use tobacco saves $7 per bi-weekly pay. For tobacco-free workers with family coverage whose families are also tobacco-free, the savings increases to $14 per pay.

The next step: Penalizing harmful behaviors

As it stands, health care is the only type of insurance that doesn’t focus on penalizing for behaviors that put the insured party at risk. With health care costs rising so dramatically, that could soon change. Just as an accident likely raises auto insurance premiums, increasing premiums for those who engage in unhealthy behaviors is a possible next step in employers’ attempts to manage health care costs.

Reports that workers would support this type of action are stacking up. One Ohio employer conducted an informal survey that indicated workers would consider it a morale boost if health-conscious workers were relieved of some of the burden of subsidizing care for workers who engage in behaviors that adversely affect their health. Whether or not this type of program gains popularity, one thing is sure: the need to control the rise in health care costs is becoming ever more pressing.

Take the first step

Whatever the strategy, from offering workers health resources to providing incentives for healthy behaviors, employers have a real opportunity to improve morale and productivity, reduce rates of absence and control health care costs through wellness. The first step is committing to taking one, no matter what size effort is appropriate for your organization.

Big strides start with small steps.

Preventing injuries is a high priority for employers, especially in factory settings such as Honda. That’s why the organization offers several initiatives—including line-site process evaluations —to identify potential hazards and help reduce the chance of injury. As part of an early intervention program, Honda workers who are feeling pain can receive a massage of the affected area during work time.

Stretching initiatives are another effective tool in injury prevention. According to the Best Practices in Manufacturing Web site, Dayton Parts, Inc. (DPI) in Harrisburg, Pa., conducted research that revealed approximately 80 percent of all manufacturing injuries occurred within the first two hours of each shift. After implementing a program that required production workers to stretch for 10 to 15 minutes at the beginning of their shifts, they saw a dramatic reduction in injuries.

While the DPI Employee Health and Wellness Program costs about $75,000 a year to operate, in conjunction with other organization initiatives, it has helped bring the annual cost of workers’ compensation from $700,000 to $200,000 per year.6

To help prevent lengthy absences and reduce workers’ compensation claims, Honda instituted a work recovery program. Through the program, workers who have had an injury can work in a modified job—getting better. Employees in the program spend their work days receiving physical conditioning to increase overall fitness, physical therapy to restore functionality, health education and nutrition counseling. The program is based on information that shows fewer work days are lost when an staff member stays connected to the work environment.

The Ohio Bureau of Workers’ Compensation, www.ohiobwc.com, provides a “10-Step Business Plan” as a guide for companies in providing Employee Health and Wellness Programs that aim to reduce injuries. The plan includes information on safety and health initiatives to prevent occurrences of on-the-job accidents, including:

staff member involvement - To ensure the success of any Employee Health and Wellness Program, workers must participate in the safety and health-management process. This can be done through safety and health audits, accident investigations, or by forming safety and health involvement teams, focus groups or committees.

Orientation and training plan – Conduct orientation and training sessions to educate workers on the organization’s safety policies. These sessions should include procedures for the safe use of machinery and tools, chemical hazards and how to prevent contact or exposure, specific job/task safe practices, and hazard recognition and prevention.

Communication - Open communication keeps workers informed and provides suggestions and feedback on the effectiveness of the Employee Health and Wellness Program. Through memos, bulletin boards and staff meetings, important health and safety information can be conveyed throughout the organization, keeping all management staff and workers knowledgeable about the organization’s safe practices.

The organization plan also outlines incentives for post-injury procedures, including:

Medical treatment and return-to-work practices – arly return-to-work strategies help injured or ill workers return to work in a timely manner. Companies should establish a disability management policy to help injured or ill workers obtain quality medical treatment, making their transition back to work quick and effortless.

Timely notification of claims – Employers should document workplace injuries immediately after they occur and promptly send that documentation to a claims handler. Quickly providing claim information demonstrates care and concern for the injured staff member, prevents delays and confusion with the claim process, and reduces the potential for abuse or needless litigation.

Record keeping - Internal documents should be kept to record work-time injuries and to assess the success of the organization’s safety efforts. Organization audits, surveys and injury or illness reports can all be used to analyze which safety practices and policies have proven successful, and what areas of health and wellness need improvement.

Dr. Moore of Nationwide maintains that immunization is the most cost-effective treatment in medicine. By way of example, vaccinating children against the influenza virus averages a savings (including health care costs, parents’ missed work, etc.) of up to $35 per vaccine recipient. And experts predict that estimate is low, because it doesn’t take into account the rapid spread of the flu.

The American Association of Family Physicians’ Web site, www.aafp.org, offers a recommended adult immunization schedule created by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. This schedule, tiered by age and chances of exposure, recommends diphtheria, tetanus, influenza, pneumonococcal, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, measles, mumps and rubella, varicella and meningococcal vaccinations.

Ideas to incorporate prevention and early detection:

• Hold a wellness fair and invite organizations that provide screening services for such conditions as blood pressure, blood iron, cholesterol, body mass index (BMI) and diabetes.
• Offer educational materials about well-baby care and vaccinations.
• Choose health care coverage plans that include wellness check-ups and vaccinations.
• Offer onsite mammograms for workers.
• Sponsor onsite flu vaccinations to coincide with flu season.

Advantages of Stress Reduction Programs

While stress cannot be eliminated from life, or even from the workplace, coping skills can be developed with relative ease. Stress management skills lead to decreased rates of absence and more effective, more productive workers. Because stress has been shown to contribute to such physical conditions as ulcers, high blood pressure and stroke, stress reduction has a direct impact on improving physical health.

Studies have shown that heart patients who attend stress management initiatives have 42 percent lower health care costs. Other studies have documented a 50 percent reduction in medical services use when stress management initiatives are employed. Further, Employee Assistance Program (EAP) experts estimate that 20 percent of any workforce is affected by personal problems that can influence work performance.

Stress reduction tactics to consider:

• Offer onsite yoga or meditation classes.
• Organize support groups among workers.
• Sponsor stress management classes during the workday.
• Offer an employee assistance program that includes both counseling and referral.
• Offer onsite counseling for workers in the case of a work-related trauma, such as the death of a co-worker.

Advantages of Prenatal Care and Breastfeeding

The old adage “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure” is particularly relevant to when applied to preventive measures taken during pregnancy, when a few extra ounces of birth weight can save a child’s life. During pregnancy, simple precautions can help avoid catastrophic results; giving up tobacco use, for instance, drastically reduces the risk of miscarriage and pre-term labor.

The March of Dimes reports that if all women took adequate folic acid before conception and during pregnancy, the number of babies born with a neural tube defect could drop by as much as 70 percent. The physical and emotional benefits of proper prenatal care to a mother and child are underscored by a strong organization case for offering prenatal wellness benefits. Nationwide’s Chief Medical Director, Dr. Michael Moore, estimates costs to care for one baby delivered prematurely could approach $500,000.

First steps in fostering a prenatal program:

• Invite the March of Dimes to present information about prenatal health at an staff member brownbag lunch or breakfast meeting.
• Hold prenatal care information classes for interested workers at lunchtime.
• Offer educational materials about the effects of alcohol, drugs and tobacco use on an unborn child.
• Offer incentives for adopting healthy lifestyles during pregnancy.
• Offer prenatal initiatives and education as part of the organization health care package.

Advantages of tobacco use Cessation Programs

Instances of respiratory diseases, cancer and other illnesses can be decreased through tobacco use cessation efforts. tobacco use cessation initiatives can provide huge opportunities for improved health.

The American Cancer Society reports that tobacco use workers cost companies an average of $1,429 per smoker per year in increased health care costs over non-tobacco use workers. Implementing a tobacco use cessation program costs an average of $45 per staff member per year, saving companies an average of $1,383 per year for each staff member who quits tobacco use. Additionally, the American Cancer Society reports that smokers are absent from work 50 percent more frequently than nonsmokers. They are also 50 percent more likely to be hospitalized and have 15 percent higher disability rates. tobacco use decreases onthe- job productivity as well. Employees who take four 10- minute tobacco use breaks a day work more than a month less per year than workers who don’t take smoke breaks.

Places to start with tobacco use cessation initiatives:

1.    Start a organization policy prohibiting tobacco use anywhere on the property.
2.    Offer prompts/posters to support no tobacco use policy.
3.    Policy supporting participation in tobacco use cessation activities during duty time (flex-time).
4.    Offer counseling through an individual, group, or telephone counseling program onsite.
5.    Offer counseling through a health plan sponsored individual, group, or telephone counseling program.
6.    Offer cessation medications through health insurance.

Advantages of Nutrition Programs

Nutrition directly impacts nearly every aspect of physical and mental health. A healthy diet can help protect against such conditions as heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, stroke, certain cancers and depression. Obesity, which is among the most common conditions linked to diet, affects a record number of Americans.

The American Journal of Health Promotion estimates the cost of obesity to U.S. organization to exceed $12.5 billion in health care, sick leave, and life and disability insurance. Further, one study reports that obesity raises health care costs by 36 percent and medication costs by 77 percent. To offset the health risks of obesity and poor diet, many companies have committed to helping workers ensure proper nutrition and undertake weight control initiatives.

Popular nutrition initiatives:

Fruit and Vegetable Consumption
1.    Offer healthy eating reminders and prompts to workers via multiple means (i.e. e-mail, posters, payroll stuffers, etc.).
2.    Offer appealing, low-cost fruits and vegetables in vending machines and in the cafeteria.
3.    Offer cookbooks, food preparation, and cooking classes for workers’ families.
4.    Ensure onsite cafeterias follow healthy cooking practices and set nutritional standards for foods served that align with the U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
5.    Offer healthy foods at meetings, conferences, and catered events.
6.    Use point-of-decision prompts as a marketing technique to promote healthier choices.
7.    Offer healthy cooking demonstrations that teach skills (i.e. fruit and vegetable selection and preparation).
8.    Offer taste-testing opportunities at the workplace.
9.    Offer staff member-led campaigns, demonstrations or programs.
10.    Offer local fruits and vegetables at the workplace (i.e. workplace farmer’s market or community-supported agriculture drop-off point).
11.    Use competitive pricing (price non-nutritious foods in vending machines and cafeterias at higher prices).
12.    Offer protected time and dedicated space away from the work area for breaks and lunch.
13.    Make kitchen equipment available to workers.
14.    Offer an opportunity for onsite gardening if possible.

Sweetened Beverage Consumption
1.    Make water available throughout the day.
2.    Offer appealing, low-cost healthful drink options in vending machines and the cafeteria.
3.    Modify worksite vending contracts to increase the number of healthy options.
4.    Price non-nutritious beverages at a higher cost.
5.    Use point-of-decision prompts to promote healthier choices.

Portion Control
1.    Label foods to show serving size and/or nutritional content.
2.    Offer food models, food scales for weighing and pictures to help workers assess portion size.
3.    Offer appropriate portion sizes at meetings, workplace events and in the cafeteria.

Nutrition initiatives in action

While many companies address weight management through fitness initiatives, companies are increasingly focusing on nutrition through separate programming. Recognizing the productivity boost and lowered medical expenditures that come with maintaining a healthy weight, many companies may help pay for obesity treatments for workers. By way of example, to improve the health of dangerously obese workers, drug maker Wyeth reportedly pays for stomach-shrinking surgeries that carry price tags of up to $40,000.

A 2003 Society of Human Resource Management study shows that 24 percent of employers offer weight loss initiatives. In Ohio, Honda offers an onsite, registered dietitian who provides individual or group consultations on weight management. Body fat analysis and body mass index (BMI) measurements are available to workers at any time.

At Grange Insurance’s Columbus headquarters, the cafeteria chef analyzes meals and provides workers basic nutrition information, including Weight Watchers points. Many companies partner with the American Cancer Society to offer nutrition information through the ”5-ADay” program, which provides employers free signage and educational materials about the importance of eating five servings of fruits and vegetables a day. The program also offers a fruit and vegetable ”frequency card” that gives workers a free portion of fruit or vegetables after he or she has purchased a preset number.